By Hashir Aazh and Ali A. Danesh

This article is a part of the March/April 2021, Volume 33, Number 2, Audiology Today issue.

Tinnitus is the sensation of sound without any external acoustic source. Hyperacusis is intolerance of certain everyday sounds that causes significant distress and impairment in social, occupational, recreational, and other day-to-day activities (Aazh et al, 2016).

In hyperacusis patients, the sounds may be perceived as uncomfortably loud, unpleasant, frightening, or painful (Tyler et al, 2014). There are several randomized-controlled trials (RCTs) supporting the efficacy of cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) for tinnitus and hyperacusis rehabilitation (Martinez-Devesa et al, 2010; Cima et al, 2012; Juris et al, 2014).

CBT is a psychological intervention that aims to alleviate distress by helping the patient to modify their unhelpful, erroneous cognitions and safety-seeking behaviors using behavioral and cognitive tasks (Beck, 1976; Clark et al, 1999). The content of the CBT intervention for tinnitus and/or hyperacusis used in these studies typically involves: education based on a CBT model of the processes underlying the distress caused by the tinnitus/hyperacusis, general use of counseling skills and empathic listening, filling out a diary of thoughts and feelings to help the patient identify their unhelpful thoughts and change them, relaxation exercises, and encouraging the patient to reduce their avoidance behavior with the use of behavioral experiments (Martinez-Devesa et al, 2010; Cima et al, 2012; Juris et al, 2014). However, these studies were based on CBT delivered by qualified psychologists, not audiologists.

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